Which organelle is responsible for energy production?

The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, and their primary function is to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. This process occurs during cellular respiration, where the mitochondria convert biochemical energy from nutrients into usable energy. They contain their own DNA and ribosomes, allowing them to support their role in energy production by synthesizing some of the proteins required for this process.

In contrast, other organelles such as the Golgi complex and the rough endoplasmic reticulum play vital roles in processing and transporting proteins but do not contribute directly to energy production. The nucleus, while crucial for housing genetic material and controlling cellular activities, also does not function in energy production. The unique structure and function of the mitochondria make them essential for meeting the energy needs of the cell, thus highlighting their critical role in cellular metabolism.